The 30-Second Trick For Scientology

Excitement About Scientology


These acts minimize the individual's understanding and capacity and recoil on them in a dwindling spiral of unhappiness and anguish. Via Scientology, a person can face his/her actions, take obligation for them, and familiarize and experience truth once again. Scientology looks for the full reversal of this diminishing spiral and the accomplishment of spiritual liberty for the individual and society in its entirety.




This gives the context for the list below flow from the PDC, where he discloses himself to be a Satanist that researched Aleister Crowley. According to his boy, Hubbard thought the throne of "The Monster" when Crowley passed away [Corydon], therefore the extra modifier of "late Aliester Crowley" is considerable. Hubbard seems like a salesperson hawking Crowley's book, reminiscent of commercials seen on late-night television, s-p-e-l-l-i-n-g out the name.


In an example of Hubbard's extemporaneous design of talking, he segues into identifying Crowley as "The Monster, six-sixty-six" in an instead grand way. Hubbard probably after that remembered he had actually likewise just called Crowley "my buddy" and recognized his gaffe toward Christians in the target market. He after that stammers the nonsensical "really, extremely something or other, however anyway the ..." up until he recoups his wits.




Facts About Scientology Uncovered


[RPF has actually been variously called either a reform camp or gulag, relying on your perspective] Prior to composing the Philly Doctorate Program, Hubbard had an opportunity to go to Aleister Crowley's estate. This provides the context for the following flow from the PDC, where he reveals himself to be a Satanist who examined Aleister Crowley. Scientology.




ScientologyScientology
All one calls for is awareness of these responses, and this is what Scientology aids one achieve. Guy is accustomed to asking for rub answers.


Right here are a few of the fundamental aspects of what Scientologists think: Scientology was developed by L. Ron Hubbard (1911 to 1986) in 1952 and was formally incorporated as The Church of Scientology in 1953 in Camden, New Jersey. The faith primarily centers around the idea that all people are never-ceasing beings, that have actually fallen to forget their true nature.




Facts About Scientology Revealed


To assist followers do this Scientology has released different research study guides and auditing training courses that are given out to participants in return for specified contributions. Register for obtain daily/weekly e-mail with the top tales (plus unique deals!) from The Christian Article. Be the initial to know. Among the core things Scientologists think is that everything we each experience in this life, and even previous lives, are taped as "engrams" on our minds.


A power or force called "Theta" which transcends all points is promoted by the sect. Unlike Christianity there is no certain teachings of God in Scientology, but members rate to be "mentally enlightened" to a divine being as they progress in the faith. There are different degrees of enlightenment in Scientology; Pre-Clear, Clear, and Operating Thetan, with the last level of Running Thetan being somebody who has the ability to manage issue, energy, time, and assumed.


They believe that can not free themselves without assisting to click over here totally free others at the very same time, so leaders or "Auditors" are used to attempt and help others recognize their previous life and current life disruptions, so they can service dropping them and relocate to a more enlightened degree.




The Buzz on Scientology


According to Scientology, humanity is caught by MEST (matter, energy, room, and time). When all the "engrams" are gotten rid of the Thetan can when again control the MEST, instead of him being regulated by it.




ScientologyScientology
Dianetics includes the collection of pseudoscience concepts and techniques briefly described above. Some well-known individuals have actually been involved with Scientology: Tom Cruise Ship, John Travolta, Juliet Lewis, Kristy Street, Issac Hayes, Catherine Bell, Greta Van Susteren, Sonny Bono, Will Smith, etc. The table listed below contrasts and contrasts a few of the ideas of Scientology with Christianity.


Deut. 6:4; John 1:1 -3 God is left undefined. Frequently God is variously referred to as Nature, Infinity, the Eighth Dynamic, or all Theta (life). Jesus is God. John 1:1 -2; 20:28; 1 Tim 2:5 Jesus was an unenlightened male. Some describe him as an Operating Thetan. Christ safeguarded the redemption of his individuals at Calvary.


WSC 14 Rom 3:23 Transgression is simply fallacy or ignorance, and especially that which opposes Scientology. Man's loss enjoyed issue and ignorance. The salaries of sin is fatality. Rom 3:23; Heb 9:27 Fatality is an insignificant leaving of the body. All Thetans have experienced fatality trillions of times.




Scientology Things To Know Before You Buy


Matt. 25:46; Luke 16:19 -31; Rev. 14:9 -11, 20:10 Paradise and hell are Christian misconceptions. Sometimes they exist as mental implants from previous lives. Those in Scientology require Christ. See "Is Jesus the ONLY WAY to Paradise?" below. L. Ron Hubbard, Dianetics: The Modern Science Of Mental Wellness, (Bridge Publications, Inc, 2007).




 


For millions and millions of years prior to this life, the thetan has actually existed and inhabited many bodies. This procedure of relocating on and being born-again as a baby in a new body, called reincarnation or renewal in some eastern religious beliefs, takes place as an all-natural and normal part of the universe.


It would certainly resonate with the picture in the Bhagavadgita of dying as analogous to someone shedding clothing (the body) and placing on brand-new garments (a new body). At the same time, it also varies in crucial aspects from eastern ideas.




Little Known Questions About Scientology.


ScientologyScientology
Funeral services might or may not be held, but where asked for, a fairly brief and straightforward funeral solution will be conducted by a Scientology preacher. Such services might be asked for by the family and are designed to talk with the requirements of the attendees as opposed to to have any type of say regarding the deceased (a raising prominent idea about funerals normally).


Scientology has actually left the issue of the disposition of read here the body to household and friends, and does not dictate the way. The production and location of any type of memorial pen are the family members's prerogative. (and other specialized Scientologists) have actually authorized.


For Scientologists, however, it suggests both dedication to their confidence in this life (like that made by a person joining a religious order) and an affirmation of belief that they will be born upon planet once more. They assured that hop over to these guys when that occurs they will certainly again work toward the goal of spreading Scientology and freeing, or cleaning, the world.

 

Excitement About Scientology

The Main Principles Of Scientology


In brief, the Church functions as a communal gathering area for a range of functions. Every Church of Scientology is a main point from which the Church's several area and social betterment tasks are collaborated. The Church and its members are devoted to assisting others therefore provide assistance through a variety of activities.




Urban, teacher of religious research studies at Ohio State College, is the most academic therapy of the organization to day, and investigatory journalist Janet Reitman's Within Scientology is an electrifying read that consists of eye-popping and well-documented tales of billion-year contracts, hostile recruitment programs and abuse of staffers. The trouble with testimonials is that they do not comprise evidence in scientific research.


Any person that spends time and cash and effort in a therapy will say it assisted. Scientology might have helped Isaac Hayes, simply as psychoanalysis and bungee jumping may have assisted others, however that does not indicate the treatment was the factor.




Excitement About Scientology


ScientologyScientology
If Scientology is not a science, is it also a religious beliefs? Well, it does have its own production myth. Around 75 million years ago Xenu, the leader of a Galactic Confederation of 76 planets, transported billions of his fees in spaceships comparable to DC-8 jets to a planet called Teegeeack (Planet).




 


Sprague de Camp and the others about creating for a penny a word. "Lester del Rey after that said half-jokingly, 'What you truly should certainly do is produce a religion since it will certainly be tax-free,' and then every person in the space began chiming in with concepts for this new religion.


He after that composed it up as 'Dianetics: A New Science of the Mind' and offered it to John W. Campbell, Jr., who released it in Astounding Science Fiction in 1950."To be reasonable, Scientology's Xenu story disappears scientifically illogical than various other beliefs' beginning myths. If there is no testable ways of determining which development cosmogony is right, possibly they are all astounding sci-fi.




The 7-Second Trick For Scientology


ScientologyScientology
The Church of Scientology is a debatable brand-new religious beliefs created by L. Ron Hubbard as an extension of his earlier mental concepts of Dianetics. Attracting on concepts from Buddhist and Hindu religious viewpoint, scientific research fiction, and Western principles in psychology and science, L




ScientologyScientology
6 They can be dislodged only try this web-site removed Scientology. Thus, when the mind sees a comparable scenario to a previous threatening experience even though it is not currently a hazard to survival, it reacts as if it were, creating a form of unsuitable and self-defeating behavior.


Later on, also as a guy, red automobiles (even red points) might restimulate the episode in various methods and cause irrational responses. This guy may hence decline to ride in a red automobile and may also get ill or lightheaded when challenged with helpful resources the possibility. In this sense, we are all basically conditioned beings "devices" that simply reply to their operator (i.e., the responsive mind).




Examine This Report on Scientology


Simply put, we are not totally free beings: we are servants of an "aberrated" (responsive) mind. Scientology preserves that through Dianetic and/or Scientology treatment, we can be straight revealed to our engrams, "remove" them, and become "clear," or in control of our habits ("at cause") rather than at the mercy of a directory damaged reactive mind ("at effect").


Thus, to solve hidden engrams, not only needs to the initiate be mentally whisked back to reexperience the harmful occasions of this life, yet of many past lives. According to Scientology, everyone is actually a thetan, an immortal spirit who has been so harmed by engrams that he has forgotten he is never-ceasing and also forgotten he is a thetan.


Each time a body passes away, the thetan should get in another body, however this brings with it all its trillions of years' accumulation of engrams. Thetans therefore are no much longer totally free, but remain in bondage to the product universe. 8 Scientology asserts it can release the thetan. Because of the religious insurance claims of Scientology I will stress the theological presuppositions of the church in six essential classifications God, man, development, redemption, death, and the supernatural.


What the church refers to as "the Supreme Being" is purposely left undefined and not specifically pertinent in Scientology concept or method. It is variously implied to be, or referred to as, "Nature," "Infinity," "the Eighth Dynamic," "all Theta" (life), etc - Scientology. Normally the private Scientologist is totally free to interpret God in whatever fashion she or he wants




The 45-Second Trick For Scientology


He is a thetan whose fundamental nature is basically good and magnificent. Evidently, trillions of years ago thetans came to be bored, so they rose psychological cosmos to play in and entertain themselves.

 

What Does Scientology Do?

Scientology Can Be Fun For Anyone


As in Hinduism, guy may be thought about a deity of types who has neglected he is magnificent. The Bible denies the concept that male is an oblivious god who requires only knowledge or self-realization. Male is a creation of God, made in God's picture. His issues do not arise from engrams or dullness, however from wrong and self-centeredness (Rom.


2:1 -3). If there is one supporting column of Scientology upon which everything rests, it is the idea of thetans. Almost whatever of value in Scientology is based on the presence of thetans and their adapting the standing Hubbard has provided. Scientology. Undoubtedly, if there is no thetan as Hubbard specifies it, the methods of Scientology lack reason.


It is difficult that magnificent beings such as Scientology's thetans can exist. _ Biblically _ after that, Scientology's ideology, strategies, remedies to problems, and last objectives are based upon underlying presuppositions that are naturally wrong.


This monitoring might hold true. But because the much more informed auditor has actually currently analyzed the initiate as a thetan ignorant of its many lifetimes, and due to the fact that his E-meter has supposedly "situated" an engram (the incident associated with experiencing dizziness) from ten trillion years ago, the auditor may translate such details mistakenly-- as a past-life incident where the person is falling out of a spaceship.




Things about Scientology


2:8 -9; John 6:47; Heb. 11:1; 1 John 2:2). Scientology asserts that death is constantly repeatable through reincarnation and is therefore practically inconsequential. Fatality, nevertheless, is at the very least potentially helpful in that it might permit the release of the soul from the prison of the body. Biblically, fatality is a single event that brings either one of the most sublime of blessings (everlasting paradise) or the most awful of consequences (timeless heck).


If guy is not a thetan as Scientology cases, but a dropped being in need of redemption as Christianity educates, what will have been the fruit of a lifetime of job? It would be wise for Scientologists with a Christian background (indeed, for _ all _ Scientologists) to listen to the words of Jesus afresh: "For what will a guy be made money if he gain the whole world and forfeits his soul?


_ and L. Ron Hubbard, _ Scientology: The Fundamentals of Idea _ (Los Angeles: American St. Hillside Company, 1971), 91, 98; Edward Lefson and Ruth Minshull, comps. _ When in Doubt Communicate: Quotations from the Functions of L. Ron Hubbard _ (Ann Arbor, MI: Scientology Ann Arbor, 1969), 73, 123; _ Breakthrough, _ no.




Scientology - An Overview


47 Vosper, 31. (The interactive Bible is not see this site connected with the church of Scientology).




ScientologyScientology
A Scientology structure in Los Angeles, The Golden State Scientology is a motion based on a system of beliefs. These ideas are based upon composed words by L. Ron Hubbard. A couple of other individuals have actually added, but nearly all of it is his. He began it in 1954. Hubbard added until his fatality in 1986.


In auditing, people are able to re-experience unpleasant events in their past, to comprehend them much better. The Church of Scientology claims that 13-15 million individuals are a part of the Church.




 


They state that in 1960, there were most likely 50,000 to 100,000 fans in the united state. In the 1990s, a representative survey claimed there were just around 45,000 followers left. These figures appeared to have actually enhanced a bit, by 2004, where there were an estimated 55.000 fans. The Church of Scientology was started by the American writer and amateur philosopher L.


About Scientology


It is not as well recognized as Christianity or Islam, yet it is more recent. Scientologists believe their movement is growing. They claim it has hundreds of churches, a few of which are really tiny. The biggest remains in Clearwater, Florida. The word "Scientology" suggests "the study of expertise." Male is constructed from a body, a mind, and a spirit.


He utilizes his mind and body. The function of life is to survive.


This in turn helps them feel much better. Some key ideas in the publication are: An individual's mind remembers agonizing times.




Examine This Report about Scientology


Auditing is meant to help an individual recognize his engrams. An additional fundamental mentor of Scientology is that understanding comes from three things together: Fondness (being eager to be close go to this website to various other individuals); Truth (an arrangement on what is actual); and Interaction (the exchange of concepts).




ScientologyScientology
In auditing, people are able to re-experience unpleasant occasions in their past, to understand them much better. The Church of Scientology says that 13-15 million individuals are a component of the Church.


They state Read More Here that in 1960, there were probably 50,000 to 100,000 fans in the united state. In the 1990s, a depictive survey declared there were just around 45,000 followers left. These figures appeared to have actually increased a bit, by 2004, where there were an approximated 55.000 fans. The Church of Scientology was begun by the American writer and amateur philosopher L.
, yet it is more recent. Scientologists believe their motion is expanding. They assert it has thousands of churches, some of which are really small.




Scientology Fundamentals Explained


ScientologyScientology
He uses his body and mind. The objective of life is to survive. Hazardous medicines should not be taken. Affinity, truth, and interaction assist us agree others. The better you feel about yourself and life, the freer you are. This scale of feeling is called the Tone Range.


This in turn helps them feel much better. Some key ideas in the publication are: A person's mind remembers painful times.


Dianetics calls these type of memories "engrams". A person's mind additionally keeps in mind everything else. Bookkeeping is suggested to help a person recognize his engrams. Its goal is to come to be clear of them. Another fundamental mentor of Scientology is that understanding comes from three points together: Affinity (agreeing to be near to other individuals); Reality (an agreement on what is real); and Communication (the exchange of ideas).

 

Scientology - Questions

Fascination About Why Do Scientologists Want To Help People?


That which holds true for you is what you have observed to be true. An individual discovers for himself that Scientology works by personally applying its principles and observing or experiencing outcomes."1Scientologists think that the standard command in life is to survive, and this command is burglarized 8 characteristics, indicating prompts or impulses.


A Tone Scale in which things are given a number, or a "tone," and as an individual's expertise of the Tone Range increases, so does his happiness, well-being, self-confidence, and various other preferable high qualities. Scientologists think that all medicines are poisonous substances that hinder spiritual flexibility. L. Ron Hubbard located that drugs and chemical residues are stored in the cells of the body, and as long as they continue to be in the body a person's capabilities can stay subdued.




ScientologyScientology

 



It measures an individual's mindset and it helps the auditor find areas of distress. The goals of Scientology are "A human being without insanity, without bad guys and without war, where the able can succeed and truthful beings can have rights, and where male is totally free to rise to higher heights".


Below are some of the fundamental aspects of what Scientologists think: Scientology was developed by L. Ron Hubbard (1911 to 1986) in 1952 and was officially integrated as The Church of Scientology in 1953 in Camden, New Jersey. The faith basically centers around the belief that all individuals are never-ceasing beings, that have been up to neglect their true nature.




The Definitive Guide to Religious Beliefs, What Is Scientology?, L. Ron Hubbard & ...


To help followers do this Scientology has published numerous research overviews and bookkeeping courses that are handed out to members in return for specified donations. Subscribe to get daily/weekly e-mail with the top tales (plus unique deals!) from The Christian Article. Be the initial to know. One of the core things Scientologists think is that whatever we each experience in this life, and also past lives, are recorded as "engrams" on our brains.


A power or force called "Theta" which transcends all points is promoted by the sect. Unlike Christianity there is no details trainings of God in Scientology, but participants rate to be "spiritually enlightened" to a deity as they proceed in the faith - Scientology. There are various degrees of enlightenment in Scientology; Pre-Clear, Clear, and Running Thetan, with the last level of Running Thetan being someone that has the ability to manage matter, energy, useful reference time, and believed


They think that one can not release themselves without helping to free others at the same time, so leaders or "Auditors" are used to attempt and assist others identify their previous life and existing life disruptions, so they can work with shedding them and transfer to an extra enlightened level.




In terms of the Scientology belief system, there exists a substantial quantity of religious material where the scholar must wend her or his means. Furthermore, the scholar requires to be delicate to the reality that Scientology, like every other spiritual custom in background, is natural and has gone through and is undergoing an evolution.




Getting The What Is Scientology? To Work


Ron Hubbard as Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Wellness, Scientology: The Basics of Thought, The Phoenix Metro Lectures, plus the voluminous training and management manuals, yet this would just be the idea of the iceberg of Scientology scriptures. Central to everything are the works of L. Ron Hubbard, who is the single source of ideas for all Scientology teachings relating to bookkeeping and training.


In full, the Scientology creed states: We of the Church think That all men of whatever race, color or creed were created with equal rights. That all guys have inalienable civil liberties to their own lives.


That all guys have natural rights to conceive, pick, aid or support their very own organizations, churches and governments. That all guys have inalienable civil liberties to think freely, to chat easily, to create openly their own point of views and to respond to or utter or compose upon the viewpoints of others. That all guys have inalienable legal rights to the development of their very own kind.




Fascination About Origin Of Scientology


That the research of the mind and the recovery of psychologically created ills must not be estranged from religion or excused in nonreligious fields. And that no firm less than God has the power to suspend or establish apart these rights, overtly or secretly. And we of the Church believe That Male is basically excellent.




ScientologyScientology
That his survival depends upon himself and upon his fellows and his achievement of brotherhood with the universe. And we of the Church think that the laws of God forbid Male To ruin his very own kind. To damage the sanity of another. To ruin or look here enslave one more's heart. To ruin or reduce the survival of one's companions or one's team.


This creed elaborates on and enhances the Scientology training on the 8 Dynamics. A "dynamic" is an urge, drive or impulse to survival at the levels he has a good point of the self, sex (including procreation as a family), group, all of the human race, all living points, all the physical world, spirit, and, finally, Infinity or God.




What Is Scientology? - L. Ron Hubbard - Questions


ScientologyScientology
They think that this thetan is never-ceasing and has actually thought different bodies in previous lives. The Scientology doctrine of previous lives has lots of affinities with the Buddhist teaching on samsara, or the transmigration of the spirit. Much more will certainly be said concerning the spirit under para. III (a). Scientologists specify the spiritual significance of mankind as the "thetan," which amounts the standard concept of the spirit.


The responsive mind is believed to keep engrams that return to the fetal state and get to further back even into previous lives. The doctrinal idea of "engrams" bears close similarity to the Buddhist teaching of the "strings of complexity" which are held over from previous versions and which hamper the accomplishment of knowledge.

 

Scientology Things To Know Before You Buy

The 10-Minute Rule for Scientology Beliefs And Practices - Psychology Wiki - Fandom


At this moment, they are claimed to be able to perfectly analyze the world around them as they are no much longer prevented by the reactive mind and the engrams they made use of to deal with - Scientology. At one point in Scientology's history, this was the highest level one can rise to. The Bridge to Total Amount Liberty "The Bridge" is the path a Scientologist follows to advance their means via Scientology's conviction


It is thought that to advance to the highest levels of Scientology's "Bridge" a person would have to pay countless dollars in training course fees and bookkeeping.




Never. Scientology holds no such belief. Any kind of pointer or else is as unreasonable as asserting that those of the Christian belief believe themselves came down from aliens due to the fact that they believe there is a Heaven. Several of the info one discovers on the net concerning Scientology religions is a blend of misstatements, distortions and straight-out lies designed to turn Scientology faith.




The smart Trick of What Do Scientologists Believe? That Nobody is Talking About


Throughout the years I've noticed that specialist chauvinists, in their efforts to reject Scientology, in some cases hold expected "secret beliefs" of the Church approximately mock. Really, any individual curious about Scientology beliefs can review them in the Creed of the Church of Scientology. There's very little shock worth there. Take a look, and you may marvel exactly how very closely Scientology beliefs parallel those of all men and women of goodwill.




 


Scientology is different because it's not regarding what an individual believes that makes them a Scientologist. It has to do with what they do. If one discovers and uses the tools of Scientology to the improvement of themselves and their others, they're a Scientologist. Since Scientology is not concerning idea, some parishioners are both Scientologists and participants of an additional faith, one that's primarily a belief system.




ScientologyScientology
If you're curious about the subject and would like to know a lot more, speak with a Scientologist, but do not ask what they think. Inquire what they do.




A Biased View of Who Do Scientologists Worship?


TOM cruise ship joined the Church of Scientology in 1990, asserting the mind-over-matter religious beliefs assisted him get over dyslexia. Founded by pulp-fiction author L. Ron Hubbard in 1952, Scientology stresses a self-help system called Dianetics. The Church of Scientology was included as a faith in Camden, N.J., and educates converts that people are immortal beings who have neglected their real nature.




ScientologyScientology
"I was in a cult for 34 years. Every person else can see it. I don't know why I could not," Oscar-winning flick director Paul Haggis told The New Yorker magazine last year, discussing his break with the Clicking Here religion. "There was a sensation of camraderie that was something I 'd never experienced; all these atheists searching for something to count on, and all these loners searching for a club to sign up with," he said.


Hubbard attended George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (193032 ), yet delegated go after various other rate of interests without finishing his level. He wed in 1933 and settled to a career as an author. His creating spanned different genresfrom westerns to horror and science fictionand he was a prominent factor to pulp magazines.




'This Is What Scientologists Actually Believe.' – The Varsity - An Overview


In 1940 he was elected to the Explorer's Club and throughout the wintertime of 194041 was granted his licenses as a Master of Steam and Electric Motor Vessels and Master of Sail Vessels; ships would certainly later on play a crucial function in the procedure of the Scientology church. During The Second World War Hubbard offered in naval knowledge in Australia and aboard several vessels off the united state


Hubbard finished the battle as an individual at Oak Ridge Naval Healthcare Facility in Oakland, The golden state, evidently dealing with several war-related disorders, and it was throughout his medical facility stay that he gave systematic consideration to his earlier ruminations on the human problem. After the war he began an individual quest for a "science of the mind (Scientology)." His first final thoughts showed up in The Initial Thesis (1948 ), prior to an elder presentation in Dianetics.




ScientologyScientology
When the mind is not fully working, a part of it, the responsive mind, takes over. It stores pictures of experiences, called engrams, which consist of not just strong negative psychological material yet likewise unrelated aspects Find Out More of the experience. A later experience with these unassociated aspects may come up with unfavorable psychological reactions from the stored engram and bring about countersurvival activities.


A key facet of this procedure is usage of an E-meter. Scientology, an instrument that gauges the stamina of a small electric current that passes with the body of the person going through auditing. According to church teachings, E-meter readings suggest adjustments in moods that enable the recognition of saved engrams




Some Of System Of Beliefs - Scientology: The Marks Of Religion


This experience enabled him to see the spiritual self, the thetan, as real self that can exist besides the body. He also concerned think that thetans had actually inhabited other bodies before their existing one, a principle not unlike that of reincarnation in Eastern faiths. The brand-new focus on the thetan led Hubbard to postulate a comprehensive vision of the cosmos that had much in typical with Eastern confidences and closely looked like the western Gnostic custom.


Thetans arised early in the procedure of development, and their communication led to the creation of MEST (issue, energy, space, and time), thus making the visible cosmos possible. With time, the thetans fell right into MEST and were trapped. Eventually, the thetans experienced events that stripped them of both their innovative capacities and the memories of who they were.


, or OT, levels) are concerned with helping the specific to run as a fully conscious and operating thetan. At the earliest stage, the private experiences the impulse to make it through as a private first however that site then discovers to determine with three other dynamicsthe family members, the tribe or country, and all humankind.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15